Merck's Keytruda: A lifesaving drug, a global divide

A cross-border investigation by DW and ICIJ reveals how pricing and patents helped turn a life-saving medicine into one of the world's best selling drugs while leaving many patients struggling to access it.

Merck's Keytruda generated $14.3 billion in sales in 2020, making it one of the world's best-selling drugs. The medication's pricing strategy varies significantly across countries, with patients in the United States paying up to $150,000 per year, while those in other countries pay substantially less. A cross-border investigation by DW and ICIJ found that patent protections and regulatory frameworks have contributed to the drug's high cost. Keytruda's developer, Merck, has filed over 1,600 patent applications worldwide to maintain its market exclusivity.

The high cost of Keytruda directly affects patients who rely on the drug to treat various types of cancer, including lung, skin, and kidney cancer. In the United States, patients may face significant out-of-pocket expenses, with some paying up to $10,000 per month. This financial burden can lead to treatment delays or abandonment, ultimately affecting patient outcomes. The cost of Keytruda is a significant concern for patients and their families, who may struggle to afford the medication.

The development of Keytruda is rooted in a 2011 partnership between Merck and the biotech firm Ono Pharmaceutical, which led to the creation of the medication. The drug's success can be attributed to its innovative mechanism of action, which has improved treatment outcomes for many cancer patients. Insiders know that the pharmaceutical industry's business model relies heavily on patent protections and pricing strategies to maintain profitability. This model has led to a global divide in access to life-saving medications like Keytruda.

The World Health Organization is set to release a report on the accessibility of cancer medications, including Keytruda, on March 15. This report may shed light on the disparities in access to the drug and potential solutions to address these issues. Merck is expected to announce its quarterly earnings on April 28, which may provide insight into the company's pricing strategy and its impact on sales. Interestingly, some experts predict that the growing demand for biosimilars, or generic versions of biologic medications, may disrupt Merck's market dominance and lead to more affordable options for patients.